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Discuss the principles of soil mechanics, including concepts such as shear strength, consolidation, and compaction, and their relevance to soil stabilization techniques. Provide a detailed analysis of common soil stabilization methods, such as mechanical compaction, chemical stabilization using lime or cement, and the use of geosynthetics. Explain the theoretical background behind each method, including the chemical reactions in chemical stabilization and the physical principles governing mechanical compaction. Address the challenges and limitations associated with each technique, and discuss how engineers choose the most appropriate method based on soil conditions, environmental factors, and project requirements. Conclude with an overview of the testing and monitoring procedures used to ensure the effectiveness and durability of soil stabilization efforts in large$-$scale construction.