$1.(10$ points$)$ Describe the advantages and disadvantages of some programming environment you have used.

$2.(10$ points$)$ What arguments can you make against the idea of a single language for all programming domains?

$3.(10$ points$)$ How do type declaration statements for simple variables affect the readability of a language, considering that some languages do not require them?

$4.(50$ points$)$ Given the following BNF Grammar, answer the following questions:

$->=$

$->$ A $|$ B $|$ C

$->+$

$|$

$->*$

$|$

$->()$

$|$

a$.(20$ points$)$ Show the parse tree of the following statements: A $=($ A $+$ B $)*$ C and A $=$ B $+$ C $+$ A

b$.(20$ points$)$ Show the left$-$most derivation of the following statements: A $=($ A $+$ B $)*$ C and A $=$ B $+$ C $+$ A

c$.(10$ points$)$ Add more rules to the given BNF grammar to make it generate statements with $-$ and $/$ operators as well.

$5.(20$ points$)$ Compute the weakest precondition for each of the following assignment statements and post$-$conditions:

a$)$ a $=2*($b $-1)-1\{$a $>0\}$

b$)$ b $=($c $+10)/3\{$b $>6\}$

c$)$ a $=$ a $+2*$ b $-1\{$a $>1\}$

d$)$ x $=2*$ y $+$ x $-1\{$x $>11\}$