1. (15 points) A recent article claims that "Green Spaces Make Kids Smarter." The study described in the article involved 2,623 schoolchildren in Barcelona. The researchers men- sured the amount of greenery around the children's schools, and then measured the children's working memories and attention spans. The children who had more vegetation around their schools did better on the memory and attention tests. (a) What are the cases in this study? (b) Is this an experiment or an observational study? Explain. (c) From the description given, what variables are recorded for each case? Identify each as categorical or quantitative. (d) What graph(s) might we use to display the data about the children's working memory and attention spans.(e) The last sentence of the paragraph describes an association. What graph might be used to display this association? What statistic might be used to quantify it? Is it a positive or negative association? (f) From the information given, can we conclude that children who had more vegetation around their schools did better on the memory and attention tests because of it? Why or why not? (g) For the association described in part (e), what is the explanatory variable? What is the response variable? (h) Describe the design of a study that might allow us to make the conclusion in part (f)