$1\mathrm{.}22$ Bird interactions with powerlines that cause problems for the birds and electricity supply include: $($a$)$ Collisions causing injury$/$death $($b$)$ Electrocutions causing death $($c$)$ Bird excretions falling onto infrastructure and causing electrical faults $($d$)$ Landing and perching on electricity towers$/$poles A$.($a$),($b$),($c$),($d$)$ B$.($c$),($d$)$ C$.($a$),($b$),($c$)$ D$.($a$),($c$)$ E$.($a$),($b$),($d$)$