$`1`2$ In civil engineering, the theoretical analysis of load$-$bearing structures is fundamental for ensuring safety and functionality. Discuss the principles and methods used to evaluate the load distribution and stress$-$strain relationships in various structural elements. Include an examination of different materials, such as steel, concrete, and composites, and their respective properties affecting structural integrity. Additionally, explore the impact of dynamic loads, such as wind and earthquakes, on structural design and the techniques used to mitigate these effects.