$1\mathrm{.}4$ What are the five most important variables that cause the market demand curve for labor to shift?

$2\mathrm{.}1$ How can we measure the opportunity cost of leisure? What are the substitution effect and the income effect resulting from a wage change?$$

$2\mathrm{.}2$ What are the three most important variables that cause the market supply curve of labor to shift?

$4\mathrm{.}1$ What is a compensating differential? Give an example.

$4\mathrm{.}2$ Define economic discrimination. Is the fact that one group in the population has higher earnings than other groups evidence of economic discrimination? Briefly explain.

$4\mathrm{.}3$ What is statistical discrimination? Why might some employers engage in statistical discrimination?

$4\mathrm{.}4$ In what sense do employers who discriminate pay an economic penalty? Is this penalty enough to eliminate discrimination? Briefly explain.