$(15$ pts$.,$ Design: $5$ points $-$ Steps $1$ to $3$; $[$Step $4$ appears below$]$;

Interpretation: $10$ points $-$ Step $5).$ The International City

Managers Association conducts a study of bureaucratic quality across

a random sample of $120$ U$.$S$.$ cities. Bureaucratic quality measures

the degree to which agencies engage in strategic planning and

generate organizational outcomes that closely match their

organizational missions and goals. Quality is measured on a low,

medium, and high scale. The Association's researchers believe that

bureaucratic quality will have a positive effect on economic

development $($also measured as low, medium, and high$)$ within the

cities. Apply of the five steps of hypothesis testing and interpret the

results.

Table $2.$ Economic Development by Bureaucratic Quality

$x^2=7\mathrm{.}151($from SPSS$),df=4,p=0\mathrm{.}128$

$=0\mathrm{.}316,p=0\mathrm{.}008$