1. (5 pts) Explain what is meant by between-group and within-group variance. Why does it make sense that an F statistic of 1 implies there is no effect of your independent variable? Betweengroup variance refers to the variance that would be calculated between the sample means; withinigroup variance is an estimate of the variation due to differences within individual samples. Withingroup variance also rep resents variation due to chance alone. Thus, if the group means vary to a greater extent than chancealone variation, the numerator of the Fstatistic should be larger than the denominator since the calculation is Varbtwn/varwithin. If, however, there is no effect of the independent variable (thus all group means come from the same population), the between groups variance should be due to chance, and so the varbetween would approximately equal the varwithin, producing an F statistic of 1