1. A 2-D horizontal data set has 12 distances, 15 angles, zero azimuths,

2 control stations, and 10 stations in total. The weight matrix would

have a number of rows closest to

(a) 10

(b) 20

(c) 27

(d) 41

2. A distance is measured to be 100.03 and the end point approximate

coordinates are N 10100.04, E 10200.02 and N 10029.40 E 10270.73.The term

in L for this measurement is closest to

(a) -0.08

(b) +0.08

(c) -100.03

(d) +100.03

3. The chi-squared test lower pass/fail value

(a) is always greater than 1.00

(b) has units of feet or meters

(c) will be greater than the standard error of unit weight if blunders exist

(d)will change based up on number of degrees of freedom

4. A horizontal angle creates how many non-zero terms in the P matrix?

(a) zero

(b) 1

(c) 4

(d) 6

5. The computation of V transpose * V creates for m measurements and

n unknows creates a matrix size

(a) 1 row x 1 column

(b) n rows x n columns

(c) m rows x m columns

(d) m rows x n columns

6. An A matrix is m rows x n columns. If P did not exist, what is the

size of the matrix resulting from A transpose * A?

(a) m rows x m columns

(b) m rows x n columns

(c) n rows x n columns

(d) it cannot be computed as the rules of matrix multiplication

are not satisfied

7. A typical "constraint" error estimate for an angle observation would be

(a) 0.001 ft.

(b) 100000 ft.

(c) 0.1 seconds

(d) -0.1 seconds

8. What is a residual compared to in validating it is reasonable in magnitude?

(a) error estimate

(b) standard error of unit weight

(c) partial derivative

(d) update to approximate coordinate

9. In "sum of the squares of the weighted residuals" the term weighted

residual is

(a) unitless

(b) always less than one

(c) computed only if the chi squared test passes

(d) all of the above

10. The adjusted clockwise angle derived from final adjusted coordinates

of backsight N 10100.25 E 10000.93 occupied N 10000.00 E 10000.00

foresight N 10100.73 E 9915.56 is closest to

(a) 38 degrees

(b) 140 degrees

(c) 230 degrees

(d) 320 degrees

11. A row of A in 2-D traverse relates to

(a) northing, easting coordinates

(b) a partial derivative

(c) a measurement

(d) an update to an approximation

12. When convergence is achieved in a 2-D traverse least squares solution

what terms have become zero

(a) all terms in A

(b) all terms in X

(c) all terms in L

(d) all of the above

13. The number of stations on an elevation difference observation equation is

(a) zero

(b) one

(c) two

(d) three

14. The partial derivative with respect to the from station in the elevation

difference equation is

(a) zero

(b) -1

(c) +1

(d) 1 / error estimate

15. The degrees of freedom of a 2-D traverse is 6. If eight more measurements

and 3 more unknown stations are added to it the degrees of freedom changes to

(a) 8

(b) 11

(c) 14

(d) 17

16. A poor control coordinate has no adverse affect on adjustment statistics when

(a) only one control point is in the adjustment

(b) the standard error of unit weight is close to 1

(c) angles have weaker error estimates than distances

(d) its snoop number is greater than one

17. Taping a series of distances to a point from a series of traverse points

without measuring angles to it will require what solution for approximate

coordinates?

(a) traverse

(b) bearing-distance intersection

(c) bearing-bearing intersection

(d) distance-distance intersection

18. The number of unknowns in a best fit circle (horizontal curve) is

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) 3

(d) 4

19. A term in the diagonal of P is 20000. The error estimate associated

with that number is closest to

(a) 0.00005

(b) 0.01

(c) 0.05

(d) 0.10

20. The transpose of P equals P because

(a) no negative numbers exist in P

(b) P is a square matrix

(c) higher order derivatives are negligible

(d) P is a diagonal matrix