1. A 95% confidence interval is required for the difference between the average years of Education between male

and female readers of the Daily Express.

a. Carry out a Levene's test to establish whether the population variances can be assumed equal in this case. (use

a 10% level of significance)

b. Write out the appropriate 95% confidence interval for the difference between the average years of Education

between male and female readers of the Daily Express using the correct notation.

c. Interpret the confidence interval in context.

d. Show that the necessary conditions hold for the confidence interval to be valid.

2. Does our data provide sufficient evidence that the average years of education of readers who indicated Business

as their favourite section of the paper significantly greater than that of readers who favoured the Sport section as

their favourite section?

a. Write out the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for this test.

b. Can we assume equal variances for this test? (use a 10% level of significance)

c. From the appropriate SPSS output, state the value of the test statistic and use the p-value to make the decision

of the test. (Use ? = 0.05)

d. Interpret your result in context.

e. Show that the necessary condition/s hold for this test to be valid.

3. Does our data provide sufficient evidence that a greater proportion of country readers rate sport as their favourite

section of the paper than do city living readers? (Using ? = 0.05)

a. Write out the hypotheses being tested.

b. Calculate the value of the test statistic (show all working)

c. State the conclusion of the hypothesis test and show how you reached your decision.

d. Interpret your test result in context.

e. Show that the necessary conditions hold for the test to be valid.

Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means Std. 95% Confidence Mean Error Interval of the Sig. (2- Differencefferenc Difference F Sig. df tailed) e e Lower Upper Educa Equal variances 5.433 020 tion assumed Equal variances 3.765 472.9 000 930 .247 445 1.416 not assumed 94Alex's Simple Histogram of Education by Gender 40 30 Frequency Percent 20 Female 10 O Gender 40 30 Frequency Percent 20 Male 10 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 EducationGroup Statistics Favourite N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Education Business 44 15.20 2.358 356 Sport 105 12.35 2.398 234 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error Difference F Sig. df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper Educatiqual variances 185 668 6.655 147 000 2.852 429 2.005 3.699 on assumed Equal variances 6.701 81.96 000 2.852 426 2.005 3.699 not assumed 5Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent ity * Favourite 475 100.0% 0 0.0% 475 100.0% City *Favourite Crosstabulation Favourite Lifestyle/Entertai News Sport Business nment Total City Country Count 77 46 13 20 156 % within City 49.4% 29.5% 8.3% 12.8% 100.0% City Count 180 59 31 49 319 within City 56.4% 18.5% 9.7% 15.4% 100.0% otal Count 257 105 44 69 475 % within City 54.1% 22.1% 9.3% 14.5% 100.0%\fGrou p Statistics Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Education Male 259 13.84 2.933 .182 Female 216 12.91 2.453 .167