1. a. Al is in a difficult spot. He could challenge the results of the 18th ward election. If he wins the challenge, he would become the ward dogcatcher, a job that he values at $100. If he loses the challenge, however, not only would he not become dogcatcher, but his political career would be so tarnished that he would have to go into university teaching instead - a position he values at $36. Alternatively, if Al chooses not to challenge, his stature remains intact, and he will certainly become the Ambassador to Dalmatia in a few years - an outcome worth $64 to him. Al's utility function over outcomes is given by u(x)=Vx. What is the lowest that the probability of winning the challenge can be before Al chooses not to challenge the results of the election? Please explain