1. (a) Discuss the difference between quantitative and qualitative research (b) Distinguish between stratified random sampling and cluster sampling [12] [8] 2. Discuss the three knowledge sets one needs in constructing data collection instruments and stipulate their importance in preparing a great research instrument [20] 3. (a) Discuss how you can ensure face and content validity in the construction of research tools (b) State any five (5) major considerations in formulating questions to put in the research instruments 5. (a) Discuss briefly what you understand by the term Reliability and explain the factors affecting the reliability of research instruments (b) (i) What do you understand by an Exemplar in research philosophy? (ii) What is expected of you as a researcher in order for your research to be considered an exemplar? 6. Discuss in detail, with the aid of scientific examples, the difference between normal science and revolutionary science [20] 7. The rule of the thumb in sampling says the larger the sample size, the more accurate the results. (i) State any four administrative style factors that influence the size of the sample (ii) State any six(6) characteristics that the sampling frame should have