$1.$ A modem is a Modulator$/$Demodulator$,$ which translates digital computer signals into analog signals for telephone wires and retranslates them at the other end.

$2.$ The is the set of programs that control the basic operations of the computer.

$3.$ JCL is a means of automating the job$-$running process by giving the computer instructions in the form of a batch programming language.

$4.$ The primary control objectives of early batch systems were the Accuracy and Completeness of capture.

$5.$ The principal control objectives of on$-$line systems are Availability, Security, Confidentiality and Accuracy.

$6.$ High$-$speed transmission and reception of long groups of characters are known as $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ transmission.

$7.$ Slow, irregular transmissions, one character at a time with start and stop bits are known as $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ transmission.

$8.$ Ring networks have no central computer; each machine is classed as a $\_\_\_\_\_.$

$9.$ A DBMS is a $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ or $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ structure controlling the nature of$,$ and access to$,$ the information required by a user application system

$10.$ In a DBMS$,$ data about the data is called $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

$11.$ Database types include $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ and $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

$12.$ The database is looked after by the $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

$13.$ The transfer of structured data, by agreed message standards, from one computer system to another without human intervention is known as $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$