1. A photovoltaic (PV) module is installed in a location at latitude 45 N. The orientation...
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1. A photovoltaic (PV) module is installed in a location at latitude 45 N. The orientation of the PV module is 10 toward the southeast and it is tipped up 40, i.e., =40. On the 1st of May at 2 pm solar time for that location: (a) Determine the sun altitude (B) and the azimuth angle (s). (b) Calculate the direct beam radiation at the surface of the earth (IB) on a clear day, and the beam insolation on the PV module (IBC) in W/m. (c) Calculate the diffuse radiation on the PV module (IDC) in W/m. (d) If the reflectance of the surface in front of the panel is p = 0.102, calculate the reflected radiation on the PV module (IRC) in W/m. Determine the total insolation on the PV module. (e) Roughly estimate the power supplied to a battery connected to the PV module which voltage is 30 V. The temperature of the solar cells is 25C. The power characteristic curves of the module are shown in Figure 1. Power (W) 450 Figure 1 1000W/m 400 350 800W/m 300 600W/m 250 200 400W/m 150 100 200W/m 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 Voltage(V) 1. A photovoltaic (PV) module is installed in a location at latitude 45 N. The orientation of the PV module is 10 toward the southeast and it is tipped up 40, i.e., =40. On the 1st of May at 2 pm solar time for that location: (a) Determine the sun altitude (B) and the azimuth angle (s). (b) Calculate the direct beam radiation at the surface of the earth (IB) on a clear day, and the beam insolation on the PV module (IBC) in W/m. (c) Calculate the diffuse radiation on the PV module (IDC) in W/m. (d) If the reflectance of the surface in front of the panel is p = 0.102, calculate the reflected radiation on the PV module (IRC) in W/m. Determine the total insolation on the PV module. (e) Roughly estimate the power supplied to a battery connected to the PV module which voltage is 30 V. The temperature of the solar cells is 25C. The power characteristic curves of the module are shown in Figure 1. Power (W) 450 Figure 1 1000W/m 400 350 800W/m 300 600W/m 250 200 400W/m 150 100 200W/m 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 Voltage(V)
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Income Tax Fundamentals 2013
ISBN: 9781285586618
31st Edition
Authors: Gerald E. Whittenburg, Martha Altus Buller, Steven L Gill
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