1. A probability is a number between

Choose correct answer

A. -1 and 1. B. -1 and 0. C. 0 and 100. D. 0 and 1. E. 1 and 100.

2. When you toss a fair coin, the coin can land either on the heads (H) side or the tails (T) side. If you toss a fair coin six times, which of the following sets of six outcomes is most likely to occur?

Choose correct answer

A. THTHHT

B. HHHTTT

C. HHHHHH

D. TTTTTT

E. All of the above outcomes are equally likely to occur.

3. It is claimed that the proportion of all college students who own an iPhone is 0.32. Suppose we are able to survey a large random sample consisting of n = 350 college students, and we determine the proportion of these students who own an iPhone. We know, if the sampling method is repeated, that the sample proportion will vary from sample to sample. In fact, if we look at the sampling distribution in this case, we will see a distribution that is Normal in shape, with a mean (or center) of 0.32 and a standard deviation of 0.025. From this information, along with our understanding of the Empirical Rule, we know the middle 68% of this sampling distribution will be between approximately what two values?

Choose the correct answer

A. 0.295 and 0.345

B. 0.310 and 0.330

C. 0.270 and 0.370

D. 0.245 and 0.395

E. 0.299 and 0.321

4. Return to the information about the sampling distribution presented in Question 3. Based on this information, what is the probability of obtaining a random sample of n = 350 college students where the proportion who own an iPhone is less than 0.287?

Choose correct answer

A. 0.0668

B. 0.9032

C. 0.0132

D. 0.0968

E. 0.2420

5. Return again to the information about the sampling distribution presented in Question 3. Based on this information, what is the probability of obtaining a random sample of n = 350 college students where the proportion who own an iPhone is greater than 0.342?

Choose correct answer

A. 0.1841

B. 0.0088

C. 0.1587

D. 0.8159

E. 0.3446

6. The probability model presented below was constructed based on the final grades awarded to students in a large calculus course. In this course, students can receive a final grade of A, B, C, D, or E. One probability is left out of this modelthe probability of receiving a C. What must that probability be?

Grade	A	B	C	D	E
Probability	0.14	0.31	?	0.19	0.07

Choose correct answer A. 0.29

B. 0.25

C. 0.20

D. 0.33

E. 0.30

7. Isaac and Leon each want to estimate the proportion of OSU undergraduate students who have changed their major at least one time. Isaac selects a simple random sample of 425 OSU undergraduates to survey, and Leon selects a simple random sample of 740 OSU undergraduates to survey. From their respective samples, Isaac and Leon each calculate a sample proportion (i.e., the proportion of undergraduates in the sample who have changed their major at least one time). Think carefully about what you've learned about sampling distributions and what you'd expect the sampling distributions of the sample proportion to look like in this example for samples of size n = 425 versus samples of size n = 740. Which sampling distribution will have more variability?

Choose correct answer

A. The sampling distribution based on samples of size n = 425 will have more variability.

B. The sampling distribution based on samples of size n = 740 will have more variability.

C. Both sampling distributions will be equally variable because the samples have been drawn from the same population.

D. Both sampling distributions will be equally variable because sample size has no impact on variability.

E. This question cannot be answered without knowing the population proportion.

8. A department store sometimes presents shoppers with a scratch-off card when they are paying for their items at the cash register. This card reveals an extra discount that customers can receive on their purchase. The cards offer a discount of 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% off the total purchase price. Based on the probability model presented below, what is the probability that a customer receives at most a 20% discount?

Amount of discount	10% discount	20% discount	30% discount	40% discount
Probability	0.42	0.34	0.18	0.06

Choose the correct answer

A. 0.34

B. 0.24

C. 0.66

D. 0.58

E. 0.76

9. At Troy's Used Car Lot, data has been gathered about the number of daily sales made by each salesperson. Based on this data, Troy put the following probability model together in order to show the probabilities of a salesperson selling 0, 1, 2, or 3 or more cars on any given day. Does anything appear to be wrong with this probability model?

Number of daily sales	0	1	2	3 or more
Probability	0.19	0.38	0.29	0.18

Choose the correct answer

A. No, this is a legitimate probability model.

B. Yes. Since there are four probabilities presented in the model, each should be exactly 0.25.

C. Yes. The probabilities presented in the model should sum to exactly 1.0.

D. Yes. The probabilities presented in the model should sum to a number greater than 0 but less than 1.

E. Yes. There should be a mix of both positive and negative probabilities presented in the model.

10. It has been reported that the proportion of all applicants who are accepted to Medical School is p = 0.43. If we take many random samples of size n = 200 Medical School applicants from this population, we know the sample proportion who are accepted to Medical School will vary. We also know the sampling distribution in this case will have a standard deviation equal to approximately what value?

Choose the correct answer

A. 0.0707

B. 0.0350

C. 0.0012

D. 0.0025

E. 0.0173