$1$a$.$ True $/$ False $(3$ points $/$ each$)$

$1-$ Which of the following statements is TRUE when comparing the behavior of spiral and tied

columns?

a$-$ Tied columns have less ductility than spiral columns.

b$-$ For compression$-$controlled members, the strength reduction factor $()$ for tied

columns is larger than that for spiral columns.

c$-$ The maximum axial capacity $P_{n,\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}$ for tied columns, is larger than that of spiral

columns with the same geometry and longitudinal reinforcement.

d$-$ None of the above.

$2-$ Which of the following statements is TRUE? Circle all that apply.

a$-$ The development length in tension of a straight bar is larger when the bar diameter

and compressive strength of concrete increase.

b$-$ The development length in tension of a straight bar is larger when both the bar

diameter and yield strength increase.

c$-$ The clear cover and clear spacing do not influence the development length of a

straight bar in tension.

d$-$ None of the above.

$3-$ The hooked bar development length in tension is longer than the straight bar development

length in compression.

$4-$ It's important to note that development length is also important when the bars are under

compression. In this case, the length requirement is less than when the bars are in tension.

$5-$ A bar's development length depends mainly on its diameter, steel yield strength, and

concrete compressive strength.

$6-$ The circular spiral is much more effective than tied reinforcement at confining the concrete

lateral expansion of any column loaded axially.