$1.$ Add implementation references $-$ Using the existing logical DFD$,$ add the way in which the data stores, data flows, and processes will be implemented to each component.

$2.$ Draw a human$-$machine boundary$-$ Draw a line to separate the automated parts of the system from the manual parts.

$3.$ Add system$-$related data stores, data flows, and processes$-$ Add system$-$related data stores, data flows, and processes to the model $($components that have little to do with the business process$).$

$4.$ Update the data elements in the data flows$-$ Update the data flows to include system$-$related data elements.

$5.$ Update the metadata in the CASE repository$-$ Update the metadata in the CASE repository to include physical characteristics.