1) An effective decision maker spends much time determining the possible scenarios in future. In the light of this statement, define and explain with examples all three approaches on how managers make decisions. Answer this question in not more than 700 words.

2) Al Gore (an American politician and environmentalist) and many others have spent years trying to influence everyone globally to think about the changes in the environment and the implications of global warming. They speak, write, network, and lobby to get others to pay attention. But Gore, for example, does not stop there. He also works to persuade us with direct, action-based suggestions such as asking everyone to switch the kind of light bulbs they use, turn off appliances when not in use, drive vehicles with better fuel economy, and even take shorter showers. Ironically, Gore has more influence now as a private citizen regarding these issues than he was able to exert as a congressman, senator, and vice president of the United States. With reference to the above case, explain the types of influence tactics with examples. Answer this question in not more than 400 words.

3) With extra pressure from pandemics and the enforced transition of all operations online, the management had to act fast. COVID-19 made the formal leaders ineffective to act physically, and companies started managing alternatives of leadership. With reference to the above situation, explain the alternatives to leadership with examples. Answer this question in not more than 400 words.