$1.$

An increase in the spread $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ the cost of investing.

$2.$

Using an online brokerage firm instead of a full$-$service brokerage firm $\_\_$A$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$

commissions.

$3.$

An increase in the margin requirement $\_\_\_\_$B$\_\_\_\_\_$the amount an investor may borrow to buy

stock.

$4.$

If an investor uses borrowed funds to buy stock, the potential percentage loss is:

$\_\_\_\_\_$A$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

$5.$

Buying a stock on margin instead of cash $\_\_\_$A$\_\_\_\_\_\_$ risk.

$6.$

An increase in the margin requirement $\_\_\_$A$\_\_\_\_\_$ the funds an investor must initially remit.

$7.$

If an investor sells stock short and its price subsequently rises, the investor$$s loss $\_\_\_\_$A$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

$8.$

If you buy a stock $($take a long position$)$ and the price of the stock rises, you gain $\_\_\_\_$A$\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

$9.$

If stock prices decline, the S&P $500\_\_\_\_\_\_$B$\_\_\_\_\_.$

$10.$ An increase in the Russell $1000$ suggests that stock prices$\_\_\_\_\_\_$A$\_\_\_\_\_\_.$