$1$c$.$ Vanguard has been particularly effective...

Vanguard has been particularly effective in managing which of the following value chain cost drivers?

Multiple Choice

labor productivity and compensation costs, economies of scale, bargaining power, and input costs

economies of scale, learning and experience, capacity utilization, communication systems, and information technology

bargaining power, outsourcing, labor productivity, and learning and experience

capacity utilization, outsourcing, bargaining power, and labor productivity

production technology and design, outsourcing or vertical integration, learning and experience, and capacity utilization