$1.$ Calculate a load duration curve from given data relating to a supply situation.

$2.$ Evaluate the principles that underpin the design and installation of alternative methods of power generation and distribution.

$3.$ Discuss the social, political, environmental and economic factors related to alternative energy systems.

$4.$ Report on the selection of an alternative energy scheme for a given context.

Brief:

As an engineer in a small electrical engineering firm, a project involves designing a solar PV system $($Figure $1$ and Figure $2$ refer$)$ which would support the following facilities:

$1/$ One $12$ Watt LED lamps used $8$ hours per day.

$2/$ One $60$ Watt electric fans used for $4$ hours per day.

$3/$ One $57$Watt LED flush lamp that runs $8$ hours per day.$+$

$4/$ One $130$ Watt refrigerating cabinets that run $24$ hours per day with compressor run $12$ hours and off $12$ hours.

$5/$ A $38$ Watt telecommunication device that runs $24$ hours throughout the year.

The system will be powered by $12$ Vdc$,120$ Wp PV module.

This is a pilot project in a remote site on using renewable energy and the electrical system to support the AC electrical facilities in a small scale manner $($Figure $2$ implies$).$ The target system is an off$-$grid solar PV system so that it does not connect to the power supply company for the AC supplies while the system would have its standalone battery system to give $4$ days of autonomy for the connected facilities equipment. The proposed design solar PV system is shown in Figure $1.$

Figure $1$ Solar PV system

The solar power is opted as the preferred methods of sustainable energy production.

The feasibility study should:

discuss the benefits of the PV solar system in an isolated remote area

consider costs associated with the mentioned type of system $($including initial investment, maintenance and payback period$)$

make a comment on how much carbon dioxide emission in tonnage have been saved

provide an outline design for sustainable energy production on the proposed site $($including the siting of equipment, etc.$)$

what is the diversity factor for the mentioned PV solar system power rating and utilization

calculate the production capacity for the proposed installation on the proposed site

discuss whether the installation will provide all the necessary energy required for the proposed facilities and any surplus that may be generated $($based on the above calculations$)$

discuss the potential for future development of the site for additional manufacturing and the impact that this may have on energy use and energy production capacity

discuss any environmental issues that may be associated with the installation $($these may be caused by the installation or addressed by the installation$).$

Use LCOE to calculate the justification of the proposed project on what subsidized plan would get the proposed project to be feasible if the current electricity unit from local power company is asking for $$1\mathrm{.}5$ for a unit $($kwh$)$ of electricity supply in their power supply grid.

Discuss the social, environmental and economic factors related to this special design PV solar energy system.

The engineer would provide existing drawings of the overall site and buildings. In addition, you have been provided with market$/$technical data for calculating the necessary expenses and depreciation percentage $,$ etc in the following:

PV panel price : HK$$400/$unit

Panel generation factor $=3\mathrm{.}1$

The power loss of PV panels energy system $=30\%$ of its full output power

Dual inverter $($DC$/$DC converter $+$ DC$/$AC converter$)=$ HK$$(6-10)/$Watt

For safety, the dual inverter should be considered $25-35\%$ bigger size.

MPPT and associated control devices and components:

Batteries cost : HK$$(8-10)/$Ah $($Ampere x hour$)$

Battery operating efficiency $=85\%$

Depth of discharge $($DOD$)$ for batteries $=0\mathrm{.}4$

The growth rate of operating and maintenance costs is at $4\%$ annually

Discount rate on the solar PV energy system is $5\%$ per annum:

Interest payment $\%$ per annum: Nil

The lifespan of the PV panel charging system is $12$ years

PV module specification

Remarks

Pm $=120$ Wp

Vm $=18\mathrm{.}3$ Vdc

Im $=7\mathrm{.}3$A

Voc $=22\mathrm{.}8$ A

Isc $=8\mathrm{.}3$ A

Solar charger controller price range:

Current rating

Price in HK$

$10$ Amp to $50$ Amp

$1500$

$51$ Amp to $100$ Amp

$4000$

$101$ Amp to $150$ Amp

$9000$

Rating of the charger should be up to $30\%$ greater for safety.

Remarks: Assuming the maintenance cost of the battery bank is comparatively small, the maintenance cost can be uncountable