$1.$ Competitive pressures stemming from buyer bargaining power.

$2.$ Competitive pressures coming from companies in other industries to win buyers over to substitute products.

$3.$ Competitive pressures stemming from supplier bargaining power.

$4.$ Competitive pressures associated with the threat of new entrants into the market.

$5.$ Competitive pressures associated with rivalry among competing sellers to attract customers. This is typically the strongest of the five competitive forces.

Instructions: Based on the information provided in the Overview, match the competitive pressure to its source of competition.

Limited number of manufacturers; Standardized products; High capital requirements; Long$-$term contracts; Limited differentiation; High switching costs; Low bargaining power

High capital needs; Extremely low switching costs; No proprietary products or services; Little or no profit the first few years; Likelihood of retaliation strong; Consumer preference for well$-$known brands

Medium switching costs

Low switching costs; Some loyalty; Low bargaining power; Price sensitivity

Mature stage business cycle; High fixed costs; Brand identities and amenities differ; Low switching costs

Match each of the options above to the items below.

Suppliers

No answer

Buyers

No answer

Substitutes

No answer

New Entrants

No answer

Competition $($among Airlines$)$