$1.$ Consider the following $($erroneous$)$ program in C:

$$

void p $()\{$ int y;$$ printf $("\%$d $",$ y$)$;

$$y $=2$; $\}$

void main $()$

$\{$ p$()$;$$ p$()$;

$\}$

$$

Although the local variable y is not initialized before being used, the program prints two values $$ the first value typically is garbage $($or possibly $0,$ if you are executing inside a debugger or other controlled environment$),$ but the second value might be $2($try this on Unix!$).$

$$

$($a$)(12$ pts$)$ Explain this behavior. Why does the local variable y appear to retain its value from one call to the next?

$($b$)(12$ pts$)$ Explain in what circumstances $($without modifying function p$)$ the local variable y will not retain its value between calls, and show an example.