$1.$ Consider the following pseudocode, assuming nested subroutines:

$$

procedure main$()$

x : integer

$$

procedure A$($a : integer$)$

y : integer

$$

procedure B$($a : integer$)$

x :$=$ a

$$

procedure C$($x : integer$)$

print x

x :$=$ y $+1$

if x $<13$

A$($x$)$

else

B$($x$)$

$$

$$ body of A

y :$=2$ a

C$(1)$

$$

$$ body of main

A$(2)$

print x

$$

a$)$ What does this program print assuming static scoping, respectively dynamic scoping? Explain.

b$)$ Show the frames on the stack when B has just been called. For each frame, show the local variables and parameters.