1. Data becomes information when it is __________. Cleansed Selected Collected Interpreted

2. What is the biggest challenge for organizations in using data effectively? Lack of organizational alignment/agility Outdated skill set Technology solutions Executive leadership

3. Companies that combine data-driven decision-making with which two elements tend to outperform other companies? Training of the workforce and IT enablement Safety procedures and risk management IT enablement and risk management Training of the workforce and strong leadership 4. Who is involved in accomplishing an organization's data strategy? Company management Outside reporting and auditing organizations Everyone who accesses the data Primarily the system administrator

5. What question should you ask when it comes to data visualization? Who needs access to our data? How do we enable access to our data? How do we display the information? All of the above

6. Using an integrated ERP system can help __________. The company focus more squarely on the bottom line Outsource reporting to a third party altogether Produce a single common report for all users for a given function Provide reports for different stakeholders who have different requirements with high confidence

7. What are the principles of the FAIR framework for scientific data management? Fluidity, accessibility, interoperability, relational Findability, accessibility, interoperability, reusability Flexibility, accessibility, international, relational Foundational, addressability, interrelated, restorable

8. Which of the following is a best practice for sharing data? Trust only company executives with most data Require an extensive vetting process before sharing any data with external partners Share only what will present your company in a positive light Provide training on what data is available and how to access it

9. Gartner's "Must Share Data Unless" strategy means that: Security is a larger concern than sharing data with those who may need it The default is to share data internally and with external partners, with some defined exceptions Users are informed that their personal data is collected using cookies Most data is restricted to the highest levels of company management

10. In Formula 1 racing uses __________ to make split-second, multi-million-dollar decisions. Only the highest-quality structured data Both formal, structured data and unstructured data based on gut reactions Best guesses Undisclosed, proprietary data analysis methods

11. Before sharing information based on data analytics, you should ___________. Separate internal and external data sources Obtain a Google Analytics certificate Know your audience and what you want them to do with the information Determine what people want to hear

12. Which of the following is a necessary though sometimes costly part of ERP implementation? Ensuring data accuracy Following the original plan as closely as possible Process improvement through making adjustments as needed Determining KPIs

13. Which of the following metrics is specifically used in lean manufacturing? Asset turnover Manufacturing cost as a percentage of revenue Number of sales Cycle time

14. Which of the following metrics is used in sales and marketing? Unit costs Capacity utilization Revenue by channel On-time delivery

15. In the OKR goal-setting framework, what is the difference between objectives and key results?

Objectives are everyday behavioral expectations, while key results are the outcomes of those behaviors. Objectives are the organization's high-level goals, while key results are measurable outcomes required to achieve those goals. Objectives deal with measurable aspects of a company's processes, while key results deal with non-measurable aspects of a company's culture. Objectives are how an organization will achieve its strategy, while key results are the details of what that strategy is.

16. What is the purpose of ad-hoc reports? To investigate a particular issue thoroughly To present the results of textual data analysis To determine strategic goals To provide quick answers on demand

17. Edge computing solutions ___________. Expand access to ERP systems on-the-go for flexible work teams Increase security by limiting data exposure Provide additional security measures that take the place of passwords and two-factor authentication Refer to the most advanced technology needed to succeed in the market today

18 Because it is easy to accidentally share confidential data, many companies are now taking what approach to data security? Instilling a sense of data responsibility in every employee as part of company culture Emphasizing transparency and accuracy rather than trying to prevent data leaks Requiring employees to sign a data privacy and security contract with notice of punishments for noncompliance Providing employees with less access to data overall

19. What are the three parts of an executive summary? Research question, hypothesis, findings Introduction, situation analysis, conclusion Situation analysis, key findings, conclusion Abstract, key findings, recommendations

20. The OKR framework is related to which operational approach? Six Sigma Lean Agile Traditional