$1.$ Definitions and Concepts:

a$.$ Explain the difference between single$-$threaded and multi$-$threaded

processes. Provide examples of each. $4$ marks

b$.$ What is concurrency? How does it differ from parallelism? $2$ marks

c$.$ Discuss any two major issues associated with concurrency in

operating systems, such as race conditions, deadlocks, and starvation.

$4$ marks

$2.$ Thread Life Cycle:

a$.$ Compare and contrast the life cycle of a thread with that of a

process. $5$ marks

$3.$ Thread Libraries:

a$.$ Write a simple program in a programming language of your choice

that creates and manages multiple threads using one of common

thread libraries $($e$.$g$.,$ POSIX Pthreads, Windows threads$).5$ marks

$4.$ Performance Considerations:

a$.$ Discuss how multithreading can improve performance in a system.

What are the potential drawbacks? $6$ marks

b$.$ Analyse the impact of context switching on system performance in a

multi$-$threaded environment. $4$ marks