$1.$ Designers making applications for the cloud must take into consideration risks and operational constraints that did not exist or were not as pronounced in the traditional environment. Answer the following for above scenario.

Part $1$ : Which of the following is an element cloud app designers may not be able to use as readily in the cloud environment as it was deployed in the traditional environment and why? Explain in brief.

a$.$ Cryptography

b$.$ STRIDE testing

c$.$ Field validation

d$.$ Logging