1) Discuss the legal and practical differences between a justification and an excuse. Justification: Refers to circumstances in which the act itself is considered socially acceptable. Examples include situations where the behavior is appropriate, such as defending oneself or others. Excuse: Admits that, while the conduct is bad, the perpetrator should not be held entirely criminally liable because of personal situations or circumstances, such as pressure or insanity. In order to demonstrate that, given the circumstances, the behavior itself was not wrong, justifications center on the act's context. Excuses center on the actor's inability to have free will or understanding at the act's time, making them unaccountable. The primary distinction is that justifications make the act legitimate, whereas excuses admit the act's wrongness but place the blame on the actor's own incapacity. 2) What is needed for an insanity plea to be approved by the courts? A defendant must establish that they were legally ill at the time they committed the offense. Legal requirements vary, although they frequently include factors like: M'Naghten Rule: The defendant must demonstrate that they were unable to comprehend the nature of their acts or that what they were doing was wrong owing to a serious mental impairment or sickness. Irresistible Impulse Test: The Irresistible Impulse Test determines if the defendant can control their impulses