$1)$ Discuss the statement, Marketers dont create needs; needs preexist marketers. Can marketing efforts change consumers needs? Why or why not? Can they arouse consumer needs? If yes, how?$2)$ Consumers have both innate and acquired needs. Give examples of each kind of need and show how the same purchase can serve to fulfill either or both kinds of needs$\mathrm{.}3)$ List the innate and acquired needs that would be useful in developing promotional strategies for the following products and explain how they would be useful: $($a$)$ global positioning devices, $($b$)$ sunglasses that can be customized online, and $($c$)$ smartphones$\mathrm{.}4)$ Why are consumers needs and goals constantly changing? What factors influence the formation of new goals? Apply the concepts of needs and goals to the introduction of a new program by your college or university$\mathrm{.}5)$ How can marketers use consumers failures at achieving goals in developing promotional appeals for specific products and services? Give examples$\mathrm{.}6)$ For each of the following products, select one level from Maslows hierarchy of human needs. Describe how you would use the need you selected in promoting the product to a market segment of your choice. The products are e$-$readers, expensive shoes, and vacation homes$\mathrm{.}7)$ What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Maslows needs hierarchy in segmentation and positioning?$8)$ a$.$ How do researchers identify and measure human motives? Give examples. b$.$ Does motivational research differ from quantitative research? Discuss. c$.$ What are the strengths and weaknesses of motivational research?$9)$ How would you explain the fact that, although no two individuals have identical personalities, personality is sometimes used in consumer research to identify distinct and sizable market segments?$10)$ Contrast the major characteristics of the following personality theories: $($a$)$ Freudian theory, $($b$)$ neo$-$Freudian theory, and $($c$)$ trait theory. In your answer, illustrate how each theory is applied to the understanding of consumer behavior$\mathrm{.}11)$ Describe personality trait theory. Give five examples of how personality traits can be used in consumer research$\mathrm{.}12)$ Research has found that the target market selected by the maker of a digital camera consists primarily of individuals who are other$-$directed and also have a high need for cognition. How can the cameras marketer use this information in promoting its product?$13)$ Describe the type of promotional message that would be most suitable for each of the following personality market segments, and give an example of each: $($a$)$ highly dogmatic consumers, $($b$)$ inner$-$directed consumers, $($c$)$ consumers with high optimum stimulation levels, $($d$)$ consumers with a high need for recognition, and $($e$)$ consumers who are visualizers versus consumers who are verbalizers$\mathrm{.}14)$ Is there likely to be a difference in personality traits between individuals who readily purchase foreign$-$made products and those who prefer U$.$S$.-$made products? How can marketers use the consumer ethnocentrism scale to segment consumers? $15)$ A marketer of health foods would like to segment its market on the basis of self$-$image. Describe how the marketer can use actual self$-$image and ideal self$-$image to do so$.16)16$ Actions to Take to Achieve any Goal. Explain