1. Explain cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes in detail with the block diagram with  suitable examples and compare it to other error detection techniques such as parity  check.

2. Compare and contrast stop-and-wait and sliding window flow control protocols.  Discuss their advantages, limitations, and applications in different network  environments.

3. Define Noiseless Protocol and Explain the types of Noiseless Channel with its  suitable example.

4. Define Sliding Window Technique. Explain the Go-Back-N ARQ and Selective Repeat  ARQ Protocol with its working Procedure.

5. Briefly describe the roles of HDLC and PPP in networking.