1 How can change managers test their cause-and-effect hypotheses? a) If they are confident that they have followed steps 1-3 in the diagnostic process correctly, assume that the hypothesis is correct b) Construct a timeline of events that reveals whether assumed causes occurred before or after specified effects c) Consult with others to explore their subjective assessments of the plausibility of the proposed cause and effect hypothesis d) Arrange a small-scale time-limited project to examine the consequence of changing whatever it is that has been identified as the cause of an undesired outcome