$1.$ How do collaborative innovation systems in public higher education contribute to fostering industry$-$academia partnerships?

$2.$ What are the main components of the integrated framework proposed for addressing challenges in collaborative innovation systems?

$3.$ How can collaborative innovation systems enhance knowledge transfer and technology commercialisation in public higher education institutions?

$4.$ What role do digital technologies play in supporting collaborative innovation in the context of industry $4\mathrm{.}0?$

$5.$ How can public higher education institutions leverage open innovation practices to enhance their collaborative innovation systems?

$6.$ What are the potential benefits of implementing a structured approach to collaborative innovation in public higher education?

$7.$ How do cultural factors influence the effectiveness of collaborative innovation systems in public higher education?

$8.$ What strategies can public higher education institutions adopt to overcome barriers to collaboration with industry partners in the era of industry $4\mathrm{.}0?$

$9.$ How does the measurement and evaluation of collaborative innovation performance contribute to continuous improvement in public higher education?

$10.$ What are the implications of the findings presented in this study for policymakers and stakeholders involved in shaping collaborative innovation systems in public higher education institutions?