$1)$ In $3$ to $4$ sentences, describe how a bond$$s rating is an assessment of risk. How does the inverse relationship work?

$2)$ In $3$ to $4$ sentences, differentiate between the features of common stock and preferred stock.

$3)$ In $3$ to $4$ sentences, distinguish between the advantages and disadvantages of NPV and IRR.

$4)$ In $3$ to $4$ sentences, explain the cost of capital. What does the firm$$s capital structure represent? How does it relate to the firm$$s ability to maximize shareholder wealth?

$5)$ In $3$ to $4$ sentences, describe risk in the context of financial decision making. How does it relate to expected return?