1. In a computer, the ____ devices include a keyboard, a mouse, and a microphone. a. memory c. input b. CPU d. output ____

2. ____ programming languages resemble English and allow the author to express algorithms in a form that other people can understand. a. Assembly c. Low-level b. Interpreted d. High-level ____

3. In the early 1980s, a college dropout named Bill Gates and his partner Paul Allen built their own operating system software, which they called ____. a. LISP c. MS-DOS b. Windows d. Linux

____ 4. The Python interpreter rejects any statement that does not adhere to the grammar rules, or ____, of the language. a. code c. definition b. library d. syntax ____

5. In the ____ phase of the waterfall model, the programmers determine what the program will do. a. customer request c. design b. analysis d. maintenance ____

6. In the ____ phase of the waterfall model, the programmers receive a broad statement of a problem that is potentially amenable to a computerized solution. a. customer request c. design b. analysis d. maintenance ____

7. You can join two or more strings to form a new string using the concatenation operator ____. a. + c. <-> b. -> d. * ____

8. The result of evaluating 45%0 is ____. a. 0 c. 45 b. 1 d. an error ____

9. Off-by-one errors in loops are ____ errors. a. logic c. semantic b. syntax d. debugging ____

10. Errors to rule out during testing the while loop include an incorrectly initialized loop control variable, failure to update this variable correctly within the loop, and failure to test it correctly in the ____ condition. a. count c. exit b. sentinel d. continuation ____

11. The decimal number 6 is expressed as ____ in binary. a. 100 c. 111 b. 110 d. 1000 ____

12. Python includes a set of string operations called ____ that make tasks like counting the words in a single sentence easy. a. methods c. classes b. functions d. modules ____

13. The string method ____ returns the number of non-overlapping occurrences of a substring in the string. a. center c. count b. split d. strip ____

14. The string method ____ returns a copy of the string converted to lowercase. a. lower c. lowerCase b. toLower d. toLowerCase ____

15. The string method ____ returns a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace (tabs, spaces, newlines) removed. a. clean c. strip b. split d. trim ____

16. In Python, the values of most data types can be converted to strings by using the ____ function. a. convert c. str b. toString d. string ____

17. The ____ method of the list type adds an element to the end of the list. a. addToEnd c. atEnd b. addLast d. append ____

18. The L.____(aList) method of the list type adds the elements of L to the end of aList. a. join c. extend b. concatenate d. append ____

19. To delete an entry from a dictionary, one removes its key using the method ____. a. get c. pop b. delete d. remove ____

20. You can use the dictionary method ____ to remove all the keys in the dictionary. a. clear() c. remove() b. reset() d. zero()