1) In a decentralized routing algorithm, the routers will calculate the least-cost path in an iterative and distributed manner.

True

False

2) The count-to-infinity problem can be avoided using a technique known as __________ .

iterative convergence a poison pill poisoned reverse a routing loop

3) All autonomous systems run the same inter-AS routing protocol. This protocol is known as __________ .

AS BGP IS-IS OSPF

4) Consider the Border Gateway Protocol. A gateway router runs the __________ protocol.

eBGP iBGP Both of the above are true. None of the above are true.

5) ICMP messages contain __________ in addition to a type and code field. a routing table encrypted data the first few bytes of an IP datagram sequence numbers

6) ICMP is used by hosts and routers to communicate __________ information. application-layer link-layer network-layer transport-layer

7) Which of the following causes Traceroute to stop sending UDP packets? A port unreachable message is received. A web page is returned. The output buffer is empty. The TTL expires.