$1.$ Multiple choice question: choose the most appropriate answer.

$1\mathrm{.}1$ Research can be defined as a:

a$)$ Data collection process.

b$)$ Organised presentation of data.

c$)$ Systematic process through which new knowledge is acquired.

d$)$ All of the above.

$1\mathrm{.}2.$Which of the following measures is NOT a measure of central tendency?

a$)$range

b$)$mean

c$)$median

d$)$mode

$1\mathrm{.}3$Reason why people undertake research is to:

a$)$ To have a good qualification

b$)$ To collect primary data

c$)$ To make fact$-$based decisions

d$)$ All of the above

$1\mathrm{.}4$Data generation in the research process means:

a$)$ Problem statement is described.

b$)$ The researcher is searching for solutions.

c$)$ The researcher arranges the data.

d$)$ The researcher collects data.

$1\mathrm{.}5$Which one is not a type of validity in quantitative research?

a$)$Face and content validity

b$)$Concurrent and predictive validity

c$)$Construct validity

d$)$Effective validity

$1\mathrm{.}6$Guidelines for finding a research problem.

a$)$ Read literature.

b$)$ Attend professional conferences.

c$)$ Seek the expert$$s advice.

d$)$ All of the above

$1\mathrm{.}7$This design though dominantly a qualitative study design, is also prevalent in quantitative research.

a$)$ Correlational study

b$)$ Case study

c$)$ Experimental study

d$)$ Grounded theory

$1\mathrm{.}8$Which of the following is NOT an example of reliability?

a$)$items are representative of sample.

b$)$performing the same in the future as in the past

c$)$the test doing what it is supposed to do

d$)$measuring the same thing more than once with the same outcome

$1\mathrm{.}9$This is a method of describing a culture or society.

a$)$ Ethnography

b$)$ Phenomenology

c$)$ Content analysis

d$)$ None of the above

$1\mathrm{.}10$A procedural plan that is adopted by the researcher to answer questions validly, objectively, accurately and economically.

a$)$ Research methodology

b$)$ Data collection

c$)$ Research design

d$)$ Data analysis

$1\mathrm{.}11$What is the major difference between applied and basic research?

a$)$Basic research takes longer to complete

b$)$Applied research is less important

c$)$Basic research is more traditional

d$)$Basic research has no immediate application

$1\mathrm{.}12$Forcing someone to participate in a study is an example of what ethical issue$/$concern$?$

a$)$protection from harm

b$)$maintenance of privacy

c$)$informed consent

d$)$coercion

$1\mathrm{.}13$An approach that collects data measured with numbers.

a$)$ Qualitative

b$)$ Quantitative

c$)$ Questionnaire

d$)$ All of the above

$1\mathrm{.}14$The approach that is grounded in a subjective and interpretivist perspective.

a$)$ Qualitative

b$)$ Quantitative

c$)$ Questionnaire

d$)$ All of the above

$1\mathrm{.}15$Which of the following is a factor affecting the reliability of a research instrument?

a$)$The interviewer$$s mood

b$)$The nature of the interaction

c$)$The regression effect of an instrument

d$)$All of the above

$1\mathrm{.}16$The research design ensures that the procedures obtain $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ answers to the research question.

a$)$Valid

b$)$Objective

c$)$Accurate

d$)$All of the above

$1\mathrm{.}17$Mind$-$mapping falls under one of the following research approaches.

a$)$ Qualitative

b$)$ Quantitative

c$)$ Data analysis

d$)$ None of the above

$1\mathrm{.}18$To obtain perspective on the most recent research findings is part of:

a$)$ Data analysis

b$)$ Research methodology

c$)$ Literature review

d$)$ Findings

$1\mathrm{.}19$Which type of source is NOT typically included in a literature review?

a$)$general sources

b$)$tertiary sources

c$)$secondary sources

d$)$primary sources

$1\mathrm{.}20$What use do secondary sources provide?

a$)$finding a scholarly summary of research

b$)$finding further sources of research

c$)$sometimes cited in your literature review

d$)$all of the above

QUESTION $240$ MARKS

$2\mathrm{.}1$Discuss the overview of the steps in the research process.$(10$ marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}2$Describe the forms of reliability.$(8$ marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}3$Explain the types of validity.$(8$ marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}4$When estimating a sample to collect data from, what are the guidelines you need to consider?$(4$ marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}5$What are the characteristics of good research? Identify only five $(5).(5$ marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}6$Match column A with the appropriate answer in column B$.$ e$.$g$.,1$ C$(5$ marks$)$

Column A

Column B

$1$

Correlational design

A

A method of data in which some form of communication is studied systematically

$2$

Case study design

B

Attempts to establish cause$-$effect relationships among the variables.

$3$

Causal$-$comparative

C

For gathering empirical data on human societies$/$cultures$.$

$4$

Content analysis

D

Investigate and explain the nature of the relationship between variables in the real world.

$5$

Descriptive design

E

A particular individual, program or event is studied in depth

F

Describes what exists and may help to uncover new facts and meaning.

$320$ MARKS

$3\mathrm{.}1$Demarcate the following problem statements.$(6$ marks$)$

$3\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}1$ Investigation of the adoption of social media on SME development.

$3\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}2$ Poor maintenance of engine on vehicle performance.

$3\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}3$ Poor attendance has an effect on the results.

$3\mathrm{.}2$ Identify dependent and independent variables from the $3$ statements in question $3\mathrm{.}1$ above.$(6$ marks$)$

$3\mathrm{.}3$ For