$1.$ Network address translation $($NAT$)$:

$$

$2.$ Domain:

$$

$3.$ Object:

$$

$4.$ IPsec Gateway:

$$

$5.$ Security Association:

$$

$6.$ Metropolitan area network $($MAN$)$:

$$

$7.$ Fiber to the home $($FTTH$)$:

$$

$8.$ Cell:

$$

$9.$ Leased line:

$$

$$

$10.$ Application architectures

$$

$$

II: Short Answers $(40$ points$)$

$1.$ List the strengths of IPsec compared to SSL$/$TLS$.$ What is the attraction of SSL$/$TLS compared to IPsec? $($p$.311-320)$

$2.$ Why is it attractive for companies to use layer$2$ and layer$3$ WAN services offered by carriers? How does carrier Ethernet differ from traditional Ethernet? What are the attractions of carrier Ethernet for corporations? What is speed agility?$($p$.345-346)$

$3.$ What are the two major sets of standards for the World Wide Web? b$)$ how do they differ? $($p$\mathrm{.}366)$

$$