1. Please write the following program in Python 3. Use the instrucitons below. Please share your code and show all outupts. Plesae do not write by hand.

# A set of diamonds

The data set ```diamonds.txt``` contains data on the characteristics of diamonds and their prices. There are 5 levels of clarity in the data. From clearest to least clear, they are IF, VVS1, VVS2, VS1, and VS2.

* IF = Internally Flawless * VVS = Very, very slight inclusions * VS = Very slight inclusions

We want to write a function to count the number of diamonds of each type. Later in the course, we'll discuss how to use libraries for this type of analysis in Python. For now, we'll ignore much of the structure of diamonds.txt , and just treat it as a text file without any other organization.

Of course, you'll need to have ```diamonds.txt``` in the same directory as this notebook to run the demo. SEE BELOW

# Read the data in diamonds.txt as a string

with open("diamonds.txt") as diamond_file: diamond_string = diamond_file.read()

def clarity_count(s, clarity): """ Return the number of instances of the indicated diamond clarity in the given string. Parameters ---------- s: str A string containing the description of some diamonds. clarity: int An integer between 0 and 4 (inclusive) 0 indicates 'IF', 1 is 'VVS1', 2 is 'VVS2', 3 is 'VS1', and 4 is 'VS2' Returns ------- clar_count: int Number of instances of diamond clarity. """ clar_string_list = ['IF', 'VVS1', 'VVS2', 'VS1', 'VS2'] clar_count = s.count(clar_string_list[clarity]) return clar_count

# We can use the ? to display the docstring for the function.

clarity_count?

# We test our function on a short string

clarity_count("IF VVS1 IF", 0)

# How often does "IF" appear in diamonds.txt?

clarity_count(diamond_string, 0)

# How often does each clarity level appear in diamonds.txt?

for i in range(5): print(clarity_count(diamond_string, i))

Let's improve our clarity_count() function in two ways: we'll add a default clarity of 0, and we'll display an error message if the specified clarity number is not an integer between 0 and 4.

Note that Python incorporates sophisticated error-checking functionality. The method we use here is appropriate for informal data analysis, but not for production code.

def improved_clarity_count(s, clarity=0): """ Return the number of instances of the indicated diamond clarity in the given string. Parameters ---------- s: str A string containing the description of some diamonds. clarity: int An integer between 0 and 4 (inclusive). Default value is 0. 0 indicates 'IF', 1 is 'VVS1', 2 is 'VVS2', 3 is 'VS1', and 4 is 'VS2' Returns ------- clar_count: int Number of instances of diamond clarity. """ if type(clarity)!= int: print("Warning: clarity must be an integer.") return if clarity<0 or clarity>4: print("Warning: clarity must be between 0 and 4, inclusive") return clar_string_list = ['IF', 'VVS1', 'VVS2', 'VS1', 'VS2'] clar_count = s.count(clar_string_list[clarity]) return clar_count

improved_clarity_count("IF IF IF")

improved_clarity_count("IF IF IF", 7)

improved_clarity_count("IF IF IF", "I like cats")

n = improved_clarity_count("IF IF IF", "I like cats") print(n)

Diamonds Text:

Carat Color Clarity Certified_by Price 0.3 D VS2 GIA 1302 0.3 E VS1 GIA 1510 0.3 G VVS1 GIA 1510 0.3 G VS1 GIA 1260 0.31 D VS1 GIA 1641 0.31 E VS1 GIA 1555 0.31 F VS1 GIA 1427 0.31 G VVS2 GIA 1427 0.31 H VS2 GIA 1126 0.31 I VS1 GIA 1126 0.32 F VS1 GIA 1468 0.32 G VS2 GIA 1202 0.33 E VS2 GIA 1327 0.33 I VS2 GIA 1098 0.34 E VS1 GIA 1693 0.34 F VS1 GIA 1551 0.34 G VS1 GIA 1410 0.34 G VS2 GIA 1269 0.34 H VS1 GIA 1316 0.34 H VS2 GIA 1222 0.35 E VS1 GIA 1738 0.35 F VS1 GIA 1593 0.35 G VS1 GIA 1447 0.35 H VS2 GIA 1255 0.36 F VS1 GIA 1635 0.36 H VVS2 GIA 1485 0.37 F VS2 GIA 1420 0.37 H VS1 GIA 1420 0.4 F VS1 GIA 1911 0.4 H VS1 GIA 1525 0.41 F VS1 GIA 1956 0.43 H VVS2 GIA 1747 0.45 I VS1 GIA 1572 0.46 E VVS2 GIA 2942 0.48 G VVS2 GIA 2532 0.5 E VS1 GIA 3501 0.5 E VS1 GIA 3501 0.5 F VVS2 GIA 3501 0.5 F VS1 GIA 3293 0.5 G VS1 GIA 3016 0.51 F VVS2 GIA 3567 0.51 G VS1 GIA 3205 0.52 D VS2 GIA 3490 0.52 E VS1 GIA 3635 0.52 F VVS2 GIA 3635 0.52 F VS1 GIA 3418 0.53 D VS1 GIA 3921 0.53 F VVS2 GIA 3701 0.53 F VS1 GIA 3480 0.53 G VVS2 GIA 3407 0.54 E VS1 GIA 3767 0.54 F VVS1 GIA 4066 0.55 E VVS2 GIA 4138 0.55 F VS1 GIA 3605 0.55 G VVS2 GIA 3529 0.56 F VS1 GIA 3667 0.56 I VVS2 GIA 2892 0.57 G VVS2 GIA 3651 0.59 G VVS2 GIA 3773 0.6 F VS1 GIA 4291 0.62 E VVS1 GIA 5845 0.63 G VVS2 GIA 4401 0.64 G VVS1 GIA 4759 0.66 H VVS1 GIA 4300 0.7 F VS1 GIA 5510 0.7 G VS1 GIA 5122 0.7 H VVS2 GIA 5122 0.7 I VS2 GIA 3861 0.71 F VVS2 GIA 5881 0.71 F VS1 GIA 5586 0.71 F VS2 GIA 5193 0.71 H VVS2 GIA 5193 0.72 F VS2 GIA 5263 0.8 I VVS2 GIA 5441 0.82 I VS2 GIA 4948 0.84 H VS2 GIA 5705 0.85 F VS2 GIA 6805 0.86 H VVS2 GIA 6882 0.89 H VS1 GIA 6709 0.9 I VVS2 GIA 6682 0.5 E VS1 GIA 3501 0.5 G VVS1 GIA 3432 0.51 F VVS1 GIA 3851 0.55 H IF GIA 3605 0.56 E VS1 GIA 3900 0.57 H VVS1 GIA 3415 0.6 H IF GIA 4291 0.63 E IF GIA 6512 0.7 E VS1 GIA 5800 0.7 F VVS1 GIA 6285 0.7 F VS2 GIA 5122 0.7 F VS2 GIA 5122 0.7 G VS1 GIA 5122 0.7 H VVS2 GIA 5122 0.71 D VS1 GIA 6372 0.71 E VS1 GIA 5881 0.71 H VVS2 GIA 5193 0.72 E VS1 GIA 5961 0.72 H VVS1 GIA 5662 0.73 E VS2 GIA 5738 0.73 H VS1 GIA 5030 0.73 H VS1 GIA 5030 0.73 I VVS1 GIA 4727 0.73 I VS1 GIA 4221 0.74 G VVS2 GIA 5815 0.74 H VS2 GIA 4585 0.75 D VVS2 GIA 7368 0.75 I VVS2 GIA 4667 0.75 I VS1 GIA 4355 0.76 D IF GIA 9885 0.77 F VVS1 GIA 6919 0.78 H VS1 GIA 5386 0.8 I VS2 GIA 4832 0.83 E VS2 GIA 7156 0.9 F VS1 GIA 7680 1 D VVS1 GIA 15582 1 D VS1 GIA 11419 1 E VS1 GIA 10588 1 E VS2 GIA 9757 1 F IF GIA 13913 1 F VVS2 GIA 10588 1 F VS1 GIA 10713 1 F VS2 GIA 9480 1 G VVS2 GIA 9896 1 G VS1 GIA 9619 1 G VS2 GIA 9169 1 G VS2 GIA 9203 1 H VS2 GIA 8788 1 I VS1 GIA 8095 1 I VS2 GIA 7818 1.01 D VVS1 GIA 16008 1.01 E VS1 GIA 10692 1.01 E VS2 GIA 9853 1.01 F VS1 GIA 10272 1.01 F VS2 GIA 9573 1.01 H VS1 GIA 9153 1.01 H VS2 GIA 8873 1.01 I VVS1 GIA 8873 1.01 I VVS2 GIA 8455 1.01 I VS2 GIA 7895 1.02 F VS1 GIA 10372 1.02 F VS2 GIA 9666 1.02 G VVS2 GIA 10090 1.03 E VS1 GIA 10900 1.04 F VS1 GIA 10571 1.04 I IF GIA 9563 1.05 I VVS2 GIA 8781 1.06 G VS2 GIA 9743 1.06 H VS2 GIA 9302 1.07 I VVS2 GIA 8945 1.1 H VS2 GIA 9646 0.18 F VVS1 IGI 823 0.18 F VVS2 IGI 765 0.18 G IF IGI 803 0.18 G IF IGI 803 0.18 G VVS2 IGI 705 0.18 H IF IGI 725 0.19 D VVS2 IGI 967 0.19 E IF IGI 1050 0.19 F IF IGI 967 0.19 F VVS1 IGI 863 0.19 F VVS2 IGI 800 0.19 G IF IGI 842 0.19 G VVS1 IGI 800 0.19 H IF IGI 758 0.2 D VS1 IGI 880 0.2 G IF IGI 880 0.2 G VS1 IGI 705 0.2 G VS2 IGI 638 0.21 D VS1 IGI 919 0.21 E IF IGI 1149 0.21 F IF IGI 1057 0.21 G IF IGI 919 0.22 E IF IGI 1198 0.23 E IF IGI 1248 0.23 F IF IGI 1147 0.23 G IF IGI 995 0.24 H IF IGI 1108 0.25 F IF IGI 1485 0.25 G IF IGI 1283 0.25 H IF IGI 1149 0.25 I IF IGI 1082 0.26 F IF IGI 1539 0.26 F VVS1 IGI 1365 0.26 F VVS2 IGI 1260 0.26 I IF IGI 1121 0.27 F IF IGI 1595 0.27 H IF IGI 1233 0.28 I IF IGI 1199 0.29 G IF IGI 1471 0.29 I IF IGI 1238 0.3 E VVS2 IGI 1580 0.3 F VVS2 IGI 1459 0.3 G VVS1 IGI 1459 0.3 H VVS2 IGI 1218 0.3 I IF IGI 1299 0.31 E VVS2 IGI 1628 0.31 F VVS1 IGI 1628 0.31 I IF IGI 1337 0.32 H IF IGI 1462 0.33 H IF IGI 1503 0.34 F VVS1 IGI 1773 0.34 F VVS2 IGI 1636 0.35 F VVS1 IGI 1821 0.35 G VVS2 IGI 1540 0.4 G IF IGI 2276 0.41 I VVS1 IGI 1616 0.41 I VVS2 IGI 1506 0.47 F VVS2 IGI 2651 0.48 F VS1 IGI 2383 0.5 G IF IGI 3652 0.51 E VVS2 IGI 3722 0.51 F VVS1 IGI 3722 0.52 I IF IGI 3095 0.55 F VVS2 IGI 3706 0.56 E VVS2 IGI 4070 0.56 G VVS2 IGI 3470 0.58 E VVS1 IGI 4831 0.58 F VVS1 IGI 4209 0.58 G VVS1 IGI 3821 0.7 G VVS1 IGI 5607 0.7 G VVS2 IGI 5326 0.71 D VS1 IGI 6160 0.76 F VVS2 IGI 6095 0.78 G VVS2 IGI 5937 1 H VVS2 IGI 9342 1.01 G VS1 IGI 9713 1.01 H VS2 IGI 8873 1.01 I VS1 IGI 8175 0.5 F VVS1 HRD 3778 0.5 G VVS1 HRD 3432 0.51 F VVS1 HRD 3851 0.52 E VS2 HRD 3346 0.52 H VVS1 HRD 3130 0.53 F VVS1 HRD 3995 0.53 F VVS2 HRD 3701 0.55 G VVS2 HRD 3529 0.56 F VS1 HRD 3667 0.56 F VS2 HRD 3202 0.57 F VS2 HRD 3256 0.57 H VVS1 HRD 3415 0.58 H IF HRD 3792 0.6 G VS1 HRD 3925 0.6 G VS2 HRD 3421 0.6 H VVS1 HRD 3925 0.61 H VVS2 HRD 3616 0.62 I VVS2 HRD 3615 0.64 H VVS2 HRD 3785 0.65 I VVS2 HRD 3643 0.66 H VVS1 HRD 4300 0.7 E VVS1 HRD 6867 0.7 E VVS2 HRD 6285 0.7 G VVS1 HRD 5800 0.7 G VVS2 HRD 5510 0.7 H VS2 HRD 4346 0.71 G IF HRD 6372 0.71 H VVS2 HRD 5193 0.72 H VVS1 HRD 5662 0.73 F VS2 HRD 5333 0.73 G VVS1 HRD 6041 0.74 H VVS1 HRD 5815 0.8 F IF HRD 8611 0.8 F VS1 HRD 6905 0.8 G VVS2 HRD 6905 0.8 H VVS2 HRD 6416 0.8 H VS1 HRD 6051 0.81 E VVS1 HRD 8715 0.81 E VS2 HRD 6988 0.81 F VS1 HRD 6988 0.81 G VS1 HRD 6495 0.81 H IF HRD 7358 0.82 F VS2 HRD 6572 0.82 G VVS2 HRD 7072 0.85 F VVS1 HRD 8359 0.85 F VS2 HRD 6805 0.85 G VVS1 HRD 7711 0.86 H VS2 HRD 5835 1 D VVS2 HRD 13775 1 E VVS1 HRD 14051 1 E VVS2 HRD 11419 1 E VS1 HRD 10588 1 F VVS1 HRD 11696 1 F VVS2 HRD 10588 1 G VVS1 HRD 10450 1 G VVS2 HRD 9896 1 G VS2 HRD 9203 1 H VVS1 HRD 9480 1 H VS1 HRD 9065 1 H VS2 HRD 8788 1 I VVS1 HRD 8788 1 I VVS2 HRD 8372 1 I VS1 HRD 8095 1 I VS2 HRD 7818 1.01 D VVS2 HRD 13909 1.01 E VVS2 HRD 11531 1.01 E VS1 HRD 10692 1.01 F VVS1 HRD 11811 1.01 F VS1 HRD 10272 1.01 G VVS2 HRD 9993 1.01 G VS2 HRD 9293 1.01 H VVS2 HRD 9433 1.01 H VS1 HRD 9153 1.01 I VVS1 HRD 8873 1.01 I VS1 HRD 8175 1.02 F VVS2 HRD 10796 1.06 H VVS2 HRD 9890 1.02 H VS2 HRD 8959 1.09 I VVS2 HRD 9107