$(1)$ Prompt the user to enter a string of their choosing. Output the string. $(1$ pt$)$

Ex:

Enter a sentence or phrase: The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. You entered: The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.

$(2)$ Complete the get$\_$num$\_$of$\_$characters$()$ function, which returns the number of characters in the user's string. We encourage you to use a for loop in this function. $(2$ pts$)$

$(3)$ Extend the program by calling the get$\_$num$\_$of$\_$characters$()$ function and then output the returned result. $(1$ pt$)$

$(4)$ Extend the program further by implementing the output$\_$without$\_$whitespace$()$ function. output$\_$without$\_$whitespace$()$ outputs the string's characters except for whitespace $($spaces$,$ tabs$).$ Note: A tab is $\text{'}\backslash$t$\text{'}.$ Call the output$\_$without$\_$whitespace$()$ function in main$().(2$ pts$)$