1) set z to x - y without using - or multi-bit constants.

Provided input(s): x and y

Permitted: 10 operations (may use !, ~, +, <<, >>, &, ^, |) and up to 1-bit constants

2) set the low-order b bits of x to 1; the others to 0. For example, if b is 3, x should be 7. Pay special attention to the edge cases: if b is 32 x should be 1; if b is 0 x should be 0. Do not use - in your solution.

Provided input(s): b

Permitted: 40 operations (may use !, ~, +, <<, >>, &, ^, |)