$1.$ State True or False:

a$)$ A string is a specific type of array, an array of char, containing a sequence of values where a value of $\backslash 1$ signifies the end of the string.

b$)$ A structure is intended to group together an assortment of values of different types under a single variable name.

c$)$ The value of a sentinel is not intended to be used in a computation, but to be used to terminate the processing of a list of data.

d$)$ The $$sprintf$$ function works just like the printf function except that the output prints into a integer variable.

e$)$ Logic operations are independent of any programming language used to implement them.

f$)$ The & operator fetches the address of the variable in memory.

g$)$ Array elements are stored in contiguous memory locations and so they can be accessed using pointers.

h$)$ The three most common bitmask operations work on a single bit: set the bit, fill the bit, or query the value of the bit.

i$)$ The operating system allocates three streams namely input, output and error stream to a program when it is created.

j$)$ The printf$()$ function also provides the $\%$p identifier for pointers, to display the address in hexadecimal.

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$2.$ Multiple Choice Questions:

a$)$ In C$,$ a pointer is a variable that contains an address. If you add $2$ to a pointer, then:

i$)$ the resulting value is the address plus $2$

ii$)$ the resulting value depends on what value the pointer points to

iii$)$ the resulting value depends on the data type of the pointer

iv$)$ a segmentation fault is thrown

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b$)$ When you pass an array as an argument to a C function, then:

i$)$ the array elements are passed by value $($i$.$e$.,$ a copy of the array is made, including copying each element of the array$)$

ii$)$ since arrays are really just pointers, a pointer to the first element of the array is passed and no array elements are copied.

iii$)$ a compiler error is thrown since you cannot pass arrays as arguments.

iv$)$ what happens depends on the type of the array.

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c$)$ Prior to using a pointer variable, it should be

i$)$ Declared$$ ii$)$ Initialized$$ iii$)$ Both declared and initialized$$ iv$)$ None of these

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d$)$ What is the correct value to return to the operating system upon the successful completion of a program?

$$ i$)1$ ii$)-1$ iii$)0$ iv$)2$