1. The COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework and Fraud Management Guide (Executive Summary is available via google search) define fraud and identify 4 categories of fraud: a) fraudulent financial reporting, b) fraudulent non-financial reporting, c) misappropriation of assets, d) other illegal acts & corruption. Use the guidance found in the Framework and Guide to discuss whether the events surrounding the bonus payout at VPC suggest a fraud should be suspected, and if so, the type of fraud it is