$1.$ The overarching theme in James$$s story is the absence of meaningful informed consent. At what points in James$$s diagnosis and treatment do you see the informed consent process breaking down? What do you think James$$s healthcare providers should have done differently to more effectively communicate with James$$s parents?

$2.$ James$$s parents felt that they were not allowed to participate in their son$$s care and were excluded from key moments that would have allowed their baby to experience warmth and human contact. What policies do you think could be put in place to prevent this from happening? How do you think the absence of such policies might have affected James$$s care?

$3.$ James$$s initial downturn came when he was not closely observed after being removed from the ventilator. This was apparently exacerbated by a poor handover process. What handover practices could be used to ensure effective communication of key information and oversight of patients?

$4.$ James$$s parents were given little information about what had happened to their son, either while they were in the hospital or when they requested their son$$s records. This ultimately led to a protracted, costly legal battle. The parents say their legal course had only one purpose$$to find out what had happened to their son. There are now programs that are designed to prevent this sort of adversarial outcome by responding openly and proactively to adverse events. How do you think the presence of such a program might help avoid unnecessary legal action and help healthcare providers learn from their mistakes?

$5.$ Which of the core competencies for health professions are most relevant for this case? Why?