1) Using the PICO method, what is an example of a research question for the following observation: a 58 year old woman with osteoarthritis asks the pharmacist which medication would be the most safe and effective for managing her symptoms, an NSAID like ibuprofen or acetaminophen.

2) Please state the null hypothesis for the following study: An investigator is studying a new medication to treat hypertension. He has determined that he will need a sample of 500 people with high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg) to provide a power of 85% to find a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg with the new medication. The alpha level is set to 0.05. The investigator recruits patients from his primary care clinic in center city Philadelphia and randomly assigns them to receive either the new medicine or a placebo.

3) Please list the independent [independent] and dependent variable [dependent] for the following study:

An investigator is studying a medication to treat hypertension. He has determined that he will need a sample of 500 people with high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg) to provide a power of 85% to find a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg with the new medication. The alpha level is set to 0.05. The investigator recruits patients from his primary care clinic in center city Philadelphia and randomly assigns them to receive either the new medicine or a placebo