$1.$ What does the following program print if the language uses

a$.$ Shallow binding

b$.$ Deep binding

c$.$ Ad$-$hoc binding

procedure main$()\{$

x:integer :$=3$;

y:integer :$=1$;

procedure multiply$()\{$

x :$=$ x $*$ y;

$\}$

procedure second$($P: procedure$)\{$

x:integer :$=4$;

P$()$;

$\}$

procedure first$\{$

y:integer :$=3$;

second$($multiply$)$;

$\}$

first$()$;

print$($x$)$;

$\}$