$1.$ What is the binary number $11111111$ in decimal?

$2.$ What is the network ID of the IP address $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}72\mathrm{.}149/16?$

$3.$ If a server has a subnet mask of $255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}224,$ how many bits in its IP address identify the

host?

$4.$ At what OSI layer do VLANs function?

$5.$ Suppose you have a small network with one router, switch, and a few computers grouped into

three VLANs. Is it true that Traffic between computers on the same VLAN must go through the

router?