1. When adding two binary numbers represented in 2's complement notation, overflow occurs when the carry out from the sign bit (a) is NOT the same as to the carry bit (b) into the sign bit position. Using a and b as inputs , the boolean expression that produces a 1 indicating overflow is:

A. ab' + a'b

B. a'b' + ab

C. (a + b')(a' + b)

D. a + b

2. On a byte-addressable machine, and using Little Endian format, the hexadecimal string (32 bits) AB1F37D2 is stored in memory as

A. D2371FAB

B. AB1F37D2

C. 2D73F1BA

D. AB1F37D2

3. In a pipelined processor, each instruction is divided into 6 stages, each taking one cycle. Assuming no branching, how many cycles does it take to process 3 instructions?

A. 8 cycles B. 3 cycles C. 18 cycles D. 6 cycles

4. In a processor with cache memory, it takes 10 nanoseconds (ns) to access cache, and 200 nanoseconds to access memory. If the hit rate is 95%, what is the effective Access Time for this processor/memory organization?

A. 9.5 ns B. 19.5 ns C. 10 ns D. 1.95 ns

5. When an item (instruction or data) is accessed in memory, there is a tendency for the same item to be accessed again in the near future. This example of "Locality of Reference" is called:

A. Temporal Locality

B. Spatial Locality

C. Sequential Locaity

D. Clustering

6. A decoder with 3 input lines will have ______ output lines

A. 8 B. 3 C. 6 D. 9