1. 1 Where does the need for adaptive middleware come from?
2. 2 Where does the need for at-least-once and at-most-once semantics come from? Why can’t we have exactly-once semantics? – Justify.
3.  3 Explain how TCP handoff works and why it is difficult to apply to wide-area networks.
4. 4 Suggest some applications for the peer process model, distinguishing between cases when the state of all peers needs to be identical and cases that demand less consistency.
5. 5 List the three main software components that may fail when a client process invokes a method in a server object, giving an example of a failure in each case. To what extent are these failures independent of one another? Suggest how the components can be made to tolerate one another’s failures.1