1. Which statement is true?

a. John Snow is considered to be the Father of Modern Epidemiology.

b. John Snow is considered to be the Father of Occupational Medicine.

c. John Snow is considered to be the Father of smallpox eradication.

d. John Snow is considered to be the Father of Immunology.

Flag question: Question 2

Which type of measure describes the proportion of people who died from a specific disease among all people who died from any cause during the same period?

a. Cause-specific mortality rate

b. None of the above

c. Case fatality rate

d. Proportionate mortality ratio

Question 3

Which statement is TRUE?

a. A woman who has had a hysterectomy would still be counted in the population at risk for uterine cancer.

b. To calculate the cumulative incidence of diabetes in Philadelphia, the denominator includes the entire population of the city.

c. Women are counted in the denominator when calculating the annual cumulative incidence of prostate cancer.

d. A person who has had their tonsils removed would not be included in the denominator when calculating the cumulative incidence of tonsillitis.

Flag question: Question 4

Descriptive epidemiology...

a. Explores the distribution of disease and the causal relationships between exposures and diseases in populations

b. Provides information on health outcomes and the distribution of causes in populations.

c. Provides information on the impact and causes of disease among individuals

d. Focuses on the distribution of disease and provides information on the magnitude and impact of disease in populations

Flag question: Question 5

Prevalence = Incidence x Duration of Disease

• If incidence goes up but duration stays the same, then prevalence ?

a. Increases

b. Stays the same

c. Decreases

d. N/A

Flag question: Question 6

Prevalence = Incidence x Duration of Disease

• If duration of disease goes down but incidence stays the same, then prevalence ?

a. Increases

b. Stays the same

c. N/A

d. Decreases

Flag question: Question 7

Which of the following is a key characteristic of epidemiology?

a. Focuses on the distribution, diagnosis and treatment of disease in populations

b. Identifies both causal and protective factors in individuals

c. Involves the distribution of causes and the comparison between populations

d. Focuses on the distribution and causes of disease in populations

Flag question: Question 8

Lack of exercise and poor diet are associated with increased heart disease. Heart disease in this example is referred as:

a. Risk factor

b. Exposure

c. Mortality

d. Morbidity

Question 9

Cumulative Incidence is a

a. Count

b. Ratio

c. Rate

d. Proportion

Flag question: Question 10

On the first day of spring semester there were 50 students enrolled in Epidemiology 3101. No students were sick at the beginning of the semester. On January 30^th, a total of 9 students were sick from the flu and missed class. All continued to be sick on February 4^th, but all 9 recovered by February 8^th. On February 14^th, another 6 students developed the flu. All of these students continued to be ill on February 15^th, but all 6 recovered 5 days later, by February 20^th. In this example, assume that a student cannot get the flu more than one time during the period of observation.

What was the count of students who had the flu on February 1^st?

a. 9 students had the flu on February 1st.

b. 3 students had the flu on February 1st.

c. 6 students had the flu on February 1st.

d. 12 students had the flu on February 1st.

Flag question: Question 11

On the first day of spring semester there were 50 students enrolled in Epidemiology 3101. No students were sick at the beginning of the semester. On January 30^th, a total of 9 students were sick from the flu and missed class. All continued to be sick on February 4^th, but all 9 recovered by February 8^th. On February 14^th, another 6 students developed the flu. All of these students continued to be ill on February 15^th, but all 6 recovered 5 days later, by February 20^th. In this example, assume that a student cannot get the flu more than one time during the period of observation.

What was the point prevalence of the flu in the class on February 1^st? Express as a percentage (XX%)

a. 18%

b. 12%

c. 6%

d. 24%

Flag question: Question 12

On the first day of spring semester there were 50 students enrolled in Epidemiology 3101. No students were sick at the beginning of the semester. On January 30^th, a total of 9 students were sick from the flu and missed class. All continued to be sick on February 4^th, but all 9 recovered by February 8^th. On February 14^th, another 6 students developed the flu. All of these students continued to be ill on February 15^th, but all 6 recovered 5 days later, by February 20^th. In this example, assume that a student cannot get the flu more than one time during the period of observation.

What was the point prevalence of the flu in the class on February 15^th?

a. 24%

b. 6%

c. 18%

d. 12%

Flag question: Question 13

On the first day of spring semester there were 50 students enrolled in Epidemiology 3101. No students were sick at the beginning of the semester. On January 30^th, a total of 9 students were sick from the flu and missed class. All continued to be sick on February 4^th, but all 9 recovered by February 8^th. On February 14^th, another 6 students developed the flu. All of these students continued to be ill on February 15^th. In this example, assume that a student cannot get the flu more than one time during the period of observation.

What was the cumulative incidence of the flu in the class during the month of February? Express your answer 'per 100 people in Feb'.

a. I = 6/41 = 0.1463 = 14.6 cases per 100 in February

b. I = 6/35 = 17.1 cases per 100 in February

c. I = 15/50 = 30 cases per 100 in February

d. I = 3/44 = 6.8 cases per 100 in February

Flag question: Question 14

The following table describes the top 6 underlying causes of death among Americans ages 15 to 19 in 2019. There were 21 million (21,000,000) people between the ages of 15 to 19 in the US in 2019.

Rank	Cause of Death	Number of Deaths
1	Unintentional Injury	3,548
2	Suicide	2,404
3	Homicide	1,755
4	Malignant neoplasms	1621
5	Heart Disease	276
6	Congenital Anomalies (Birth Defects)	172

Q. What was the mortality rate for unintentional injury among 15-19 year old in 2019? Report per 100,000 individuals. Rounded to one decimal point

a. 26.9 per 100,000 among 15-19 year old in 2019

b. 16.9 per 100,000 among 15-19 year old in 2019

c. 14.5 per 100,000 among 15-19 year old in 2019

d. 20.9 per 100,000 among 15-19 year old in 2019

Flag question: Question 15

The following table describes the top 6 underlying causes of death among Americans ages 15 to 19 in 2019. There were 21 million (21,000,000) people between the ages of 15 to 19 in the US in 2019.

Rank	Cause of Death	Number of Deaths
1	Unintentional Injury	3,548
2	Suicide	2,404
3	Homicide	1,755
4	Malignant neoplasms	1621
5	Heart Disease	276
6	Congenital Anomalies (Birth Defects)	172

Q. What was the mortality rate for congenital anomalies among 15-19 year old in 2019? Report per 100,000 individuals. Rounded to one decimal point.

a. The mortality rate for congenital anomalies among 15-19 year old in 2019 was 1.8 per 100,000 individuals.

b. The mortality rate for congenital anomalies among 15-19 year old in 2019 was 2.8 per 100,000 individuals.

c. The mortality rate for congenital anomalies among 15-19 year old in 2019 was 0.8 per 100,000 individuals.

d. The mortality rate for congenital anomalies among 15-19 year old in 2019 was 0.16 per 100,000 individuals.

Flag question: Question 16

The following table describes the top 6 underlying causes of death among Americans ages 15 to 19 in 2019. There were 21 million (21,000,000) people between the ages of 15 to 19 in the US in 2019.

Rank	Cause of Death	Number of Deaths
1	Unintentional Injury	3,548
2	Suicide	2,404
3	Homicide	1,755
4	Malignant neoplasms	1621
5	Heart Disease	276
6	Congenital Anomalies (Birth Defects)	172

Q. What was the proportional mortality ratio for homicide among the top 6 causes of death? (Hint: calculate total deaths from top 6 causes and figure out what percent were from homicide.) . Rounded to one decimal point.

a. The proportional mortality for homicide among the top 6 causes of death for 15-19-year-old in 2019 was 12.0%.

b. The proportional mortality for homicide among the top 6 causes of death for 15-19-year-old in 2019 was 22.0%.

c. The proportional mortality for homicide among the top 6 causes of death for 15-19-year-old in 2019 was 18.0%.

d. The proportional mortality for homicide among the top 6 causes of death for 15-19-year-old in 2019 was 28.0%.

Flag question: Question 17

The following table describes the top 6 underlying causes of death among Americans ages 15 to 19 in 2019. There were 21 million (21,000,000) people between the ages of 15 to 19 in the US in 2019.

Rank	Cause of Death	Number of Deaths
1	Unintentional Injury	3,548
2	Suicide	2,404
3	Homicide	1,755
4	Malignant neoplasms	1621
5	Heart Disease	276
6	Congenital Anomalies (Birth Defects)	172

Q. What was the proportional mortality ratio for malignant neoplasms among the top 6 causes of death? Rounded to one decimal point.

a. The proportional mortality for malignant neoplasms among the top 6 causes of death for 15-19-year-old in 2019 was 16.6%.

b. The proportional mortality for malignant neoplasms among the top 6 causes of death for 15-19-year-old in 2019 was 22.4%.

c. The proportional mortality for malignant neoplasms among the top 6 causes of death for 15-19-year-old in 2019 was 12.6%.

d. The proportional mortality for malignant neoplasms among the top 6 causes of death for 15-19-year-old in 2019 was 26.4%.

Flag question: Question 18

The following table describes the top 6 underlying causes of death among Americans ages 15 to 19 in 2019. There were 21 million (21,000,000) people between the ages of 15 to 19 in the US in 2019.

Rank	Cause of Death	Number of Deaths
1	Unintentional Injury	3,548
2	Suicide	2,404
3	Homicide	1,755
4	Malignant neoplasms	1621
5	Heart Disease	276
6	Congenital Anomalies (Birth Defects)	172

Q. If, at the beginning of 2019, 8,000 people ages 15-19 had heart disease, what was the case fatality ratio for heart disease in this age group? Report as a percentage. Rounded to one decimal point.

a. 3.5 percent of individuals ages 15-19 in the US with heart disease in 2019 died from heart disease.

b. 5.5 percent of individuals ages 15-19 in the US with heart disease in 2019 died from heart disease.

c. 16.5 percent of individuals ages 15-19 in the US with heart disease in 2019 died from heart disease.

d. 12.5 percent of individuals ages 15-19 in the US with heart disease in 2019 died from heart disease.

Flag question: Question 19

The following table describes the top 6 underlying causes of death among Americans ages 15 to 19 in 2019. There were 21 million (21,000,000) people between the ages of 15 to 19 in the US in 2019.

Rank	Cause of Death	Number of Deaths
1	Unintentional Injury	3,548
2	Suicide	2,404
3	Homicide	1,755
4	Malignant neoplasms	1621
5	Heart Disease	276
6	Congenital Anomalies (Birth Defects)	172

Q. If, at the beginning of 2019, 4,800 people ages 15-19 in the US had malignant neoplasms, what was the case fatality ratio for malignant neoplasms in this age group? Report as a percentage; Rounded to one decimal point.

a. 41.5 percent of individuals ages 15-19 in the US with malignant neoplasms in 2019 died from malignant neoplasms.

b. 43.2 percent of individuals ages 15-19 in the US with malignant neoplasms in 2019 died from malignant neoplasms.

c. 36.2 percent of individuals ages 15-19 in the US with malignant neoplasms in 2019 died from malignant neoplasms.

d. 33.8 percent of individuals ages 15-19 in the US with malignant neoplasms in 2019 died from malignant neoplasms.