1. Who was August Vollmer and what contributions did he make to policing? What did he require of his officers? Which of Vollmer's contributions are still being used today?

2. What are the origins of American policing? Provide examples or relevant information.

3. What framework are most police agencies structured as? Explain this framework and provide examples.

4. Explain the difference between reactive and proactive policing. Provide examples of each.

5. Define Modus Operandi. How was it used by August Vollmer? Give a real life case or idea or use sourced examples of how it may be or has been used recently.